Essay/Term paper: Into the depths of a black hole

Essay, term paper, research paper:  Science Reports

Into the Depths of A Black Hole


Everyday we look out upon the night sky, wondering and dreaming of what
lies beyond our planet. The universe that we live in is so diverse and unique,
it interests us to learn about all the variance that lies beyond our grasp.
Within this marvel of wonders, our universe holds a mystery that is very
difficult to understand, because of the complications that arise when trying to
examine and explore the principles of space. That mystery happens to be that of
black holes. As you will read about black holes, you can finally appreciate
the phenomenon, we all know as, black holes.

In order to understand what exactly a black hole is, we must first take a
look at the basis for the cause of a black hole. All black holes are formed
from the gravitational collapse of a star, usually having a great, massive, core.
A star is created when huge, gigantic, gas clouds bind together due to
attractive forces and form a hot core, combined from all the energy of the two
gas clouds. This energy produced is so great when it first collides, that a
nuclear reaction occurs, and the gases within the star start to burn
continuously. The Hydrogen gas is usually the first type of gas consumed in a
star and then other gas elements such as Carbon, Oxygen, and Helium are consumed.

This chain reaction fuels the star for millions, or billions, of years
depending upon the amount of gases there are. The star manages to avoid
collapsing at this point because of the equilibrium achieved by itself. The
gravitational pull from the core of the star is equal to the gravitational pull
of the gases forming a type of orbit, however when this equality is broken the
star can go into several different stages. Usually if the star is small in mass,
most of the gases will be consumed while some of it escapes. This occurs
because there is not a tremendous gravitational pull upon those gases and
therefore the star weakens and becomes smaller. It is then referred to as a
'White Dwarf'. If the star was to have a larger mass however, then it may
possibly Supernova, meaning that the nuclear fusion within the star simply goes
out of control causing the star to explode. After exploding a fraction of the
star is usually left (if it has not turned into pure gas) and that fraction of
the star is known as a neutron star. Black holes are one of the last option
that a star may take. If the core of the star is so massive (approximately 68
solar masses; one solar mass being equal to the sun's mass), then it is most
likely that when the star's gases are almost consumed those gases will collapse
inward, forced into the core by the gravitational force laid upon them.

After a black hole is created, the gravitational force continues to pull in
space debris and other type of matters to help add to the mass of the core,
making the hole stronger and more powerful. Most black holes tend to be in a
consistent spinning motion. This motion absorbs various matter and spins it
within the ring (known as the Event Horizon) that is formed around the black
hole. The matter keeps within the Event Horizon until it has spun into the
centre where it is concentrated within the core adding to the mass. Such
spinning black holes are known as Kerr Black Holes. Most black holes orbit
around stars due to the fact that they once were a star, and this may cause some
problems for the neighboring stars. If a black hole gets powerful enough it may
actually pull a star into it and disrupt the orbit of many other stars. The
black hole could then grow even stronger (from the star's mass) as to possibly
absorb another.

When a black hole absorbs a star, the star is first pulled into the
Ergosphere, which sweeps all the matter into the Event Horizon, named for it's
flat horizontal appearance and because this happens to be the place where mostly
all the action within the black hole occurs. When the star is passed on into
the Event Horizon the light that the star endures is bent within the current and
therefore cannot be seen in space. At this exact point in time, high amounts of
radiation are given off, that with the proper equipment can be detected and seen
as an image of a black hole. Through this technique astronomers now believe that
they have found a black hole known as Cygnus X1. This supposed black hole has a
huge star orbiting around it, therefore we assume there must be a black hole
that it is in orbit with.

The first scientists to really take an in depth look at black holes and
the collapsing of stars, were a professor, Robert Oppenheimer and his student
Hartland Snyder, in the early nineteen hundreds. They concluded on the basis of
Einstein's theory of relativity that if the speed of light was the utmost speed
over any massive object, then nothing could escape a black hole once in it's
clutches.

The name "black hole" was named such, because of the fact that light could
not escape from the gravitational pull from the core, thus making the black hole
impossible for humans to see without using technological advancements for
measuring such things like radiation. The second part of the word was named
"hole" due to the fact that the actual hole, is where everything is absorbed and
where the center core presides. This core is the main part of the black hole
where the mass is concentrated and appears purely black on all readings even
through the use of radiation detection devices.

Just recently a major discovery was found with the help of a device known
as The Hubble Telescope. This telescope has just recently found what many
astronomers believe to be a black hole, after being focused on a star orbiting
empty space. Several pictures were sent back to Earth from the telescopes
showing many computer enhanced pictures of various radiation fluctuations and
other diverse types of readings, that could be read from the area in which the
black hole is suspected to be in.

Several diagrams were made showing how astronomers believe that if somehow
you were to survive through the center of the black hole, that there would be
enough gravitational force to possibly warp you to another end in the universe
or possibly to another universe. The creative ideas that can be hypothesized
from this discovery are endless.

Although our universe is filled with much unexplained, glorious,
phenomenons, it is our duty to continue exploring them and to continue learning,
but in the process we must not take any of it for granted.

As you have read, black holes are a major topic within our universe and
they contain so much curiosity that they could possibly hold unlimited uses.
Black holes are a sensation that astronomers are still very puzzled with. It
seems that as we get closer to solving their existence and functions, we just
end up with more and more questions. Although these questions just lead us into
more and more unanswered problems we seek and find refuge into them, dreaming
that maybe one day, one far off distant day, we will understand all the
conceptions and we will be able to use the universe to our advantage and go
where only our dreams could take us.